Tuesday, August 7, 2018

The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites

The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites, used for digital audio, data and video broadcasting. As of 30 March 2018, 18 GSAT satellites of ISRO have been launched out of which 13 satellites are currently in service
image of GSAT satellite


The GSAT series of geosynchronous satellites is a system developed by ISRO with an objective to make India self-reliant in broadcasting services
GSAT-6A is a communications satellite operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It features a 6-metre (20 ft) unfurlable S-band antenna similar to the one used on GSAT-6. Around 17 minutes after lifting off , the three stage GSLV Mk.ll rocket flying on GSLV F08 mission successfully injected the satellite into a Geosynchronous Transfer orbit.
GSAT 6A is a satellite is launched to support the GSAT 6 satellite which launched in August 2015 by ISRO. GSAT 6 satellite launched to improve the communication system, now with the GSAT 6A launch the communication will be better. As two satellite were used in the communication system, so the communication will be two-way communication. The first satellite GSAT 6 launched at the cost of ₹ 269 Crore and the second satellite launched at the cost of ₹ 147 Crore. In order to operate communication system by these satellites a 6-meter (20 ft) unfurlable S-band antenna which is similar to the one used on GSAT-6 has used. The size of S-Band antenna used in GSAT 6A is 3 times more in comparison with another satellite. Hence GSAT 6A will be more capacitive. As this satellite will provide mobile communication to India through multi-beam coverage
The 1st orbit raising maneuver for GSAT-6A was carried out successfully on 30th March 2018 by firing the LiquiApogee Motor(LAM) for 2188 seconds from 09:22 AM IST. The 2nd orbit raising maneuver was carried out at 10:00 AM on 31st March 2018. As the satellite was on-course for its 3rd and final orbit raising maneuver on 1st April 2018, Communication was lost with the satellite. Efforts by ISRO are on to re-establish communication with the satellite

> Delhi upgrades to Bharat Stage VI fuel norms, two years before the rest of India

Delhi on Sunday became the first city in the country to implement the highest emission standards Bharat Stage VI for its vehicles. State-owned oil companies began supplying Bharat Stage VI fuel at existing prices at their 391 petrol pumps in the city from Sunday, PTI reported.

In November 2017, when Delhi and neighbouring states experienced dangerous pollution levels, the Centre had decided to advance the implementation of Bharat Stage VI norms in the city by two years to April 1, 2018. The government also asked oil firms to consider introducing the BS-VI norms to other parts of the National Capital Region from April 1, 2019.


India has followed the Bharat Stage IV norms since April 2017, and is scheduled to switch to Bharat Stage VI in April 2020. In January 2016, soon after the Paris climate change conference, the government had decided the country would skip Bharat Stage V norms, and move straight from Bharat Stage IV to Bharat Stage VI four years before the earlier 2024 date.


India has followed the Bharat Stage IV norms since April 2017, and is scheduled to switch to Bharat Stage VI in April 2020. In January 2016, soon after the Paris climate change conference, the government had decided the country would skip Bharat Stage V norms, and move straight from Bharat Stage IV to Bharat Stage VI four years before the earlier 2024 date.


State-owned Indian Oil Corporation said consumers will not have to pay extra for the cleaner fuel, even though oil companies have invested heavily to produce it. The companies will work on a mechanism to recover their costs after the whole country moves to Bharat Stage VI, said IOC’s Director (Refineries) BV Rama Gopal.


The refineries currently producing the cleaner fuel include those in Mathura, Panipat, Bina and Bhatinda. About Rs 183 crore was spent on the Panipat refinery alone to produce Bharat Stage VI fuel, PTI reported.

The latest grade fuel will help reduce emissions of particulate matter by 10%-20% in existing cars and two-wheelers, but will help even more after vehicles have Bharat Stage VI-compliant engines, Gopal said.

Europe already uses the Euro VI emission norms, while much of India was still covered by BS III norms until the introduction of BS IV this year

> Surat becomes first district to have 100% solar powered health centres

solar power of surat
Surat has become the first district in the country to have 100 percent solar powered Primary Health Centers (PHC).

There are a total of 52 PHCs in the district and all of them are now powered by solar system. This initiative will not only bring down the electricity bill by 40 percent but also help fight global warming.

> India is ranked 67th for fixed broadband and 109th for mobile internet speeds in February, according to internet speed testing analysis firm Ookla. 

"As of February, the Index ranks India 67th for fixed broadband speeds," the firm, which owns Speedtest app, said in a report. 



India's performance in fixed broadband download speeds has gone up from average speeds of 18.82 megabit per second (mbps) in November 2017 to20.72 mbps in February 2018; however,it remains below global average download speed of 42.71 mbps, as per the Ookla's Speedtest Global Index. 

> National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 (NGT) is an Act of the Parliament of India which enables creation of a special tribunal to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental issues. It draws inspiration from the India's constitutional provision of Article 21, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.



Monday, July 30, 2018

Niti ayog report on the composite water managment index 14 june 2018

Niti ayog report on the composite water managment index 14 june 2018
composite water management index image
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  • India in recent times is suffering from worst water crisis in its history. million or lives in livilihood are under threat due to these crisis.
  • currently,600 millions face high to extreme water stresss about 2 lakh people die every year due to inaduquate access to safe water.
  • it is estimated crisis is going to worse by 2030 when india's water demand is projected to be twice available supply.In view of limitations on availability on water resources and rising demand for water, sustainable management of water resources had acquired critical importance.
  • The composite water management index will fullfill mandate of cooperative and competitive federalism and also challenges states/UTs to meet aspirations of new India.

NITI Ayog has prepared a report on composite water managment index(CWMI)

  • The composite water management index comprises of 9 parameters and 28 indicators.
  • These include various aspects of ground water,irrigation, restoration of water bodies, farm practices ,drinking water ,policy and governance.
  • For purposes of analysis reporting states of index were divided into two special groups North Eastern and Himalyan states and other states to take into account different hydrological conditions across these groups.
  • The report released ranks Gujrat as number one in the reference year(2016-17) followed by Madhya pradesh, Andra Pradesh,Karnatka,and Maharashtra.In north eastern and Himalyan states,Tripura has been adjudged number one in 2016-17 followed by Himachal pradesh,Sikkim and Assam.
  • In terms of incrimental change of index(over 2015-2016) level, Rajasthan holds number one position in general states and Tripura ranks as first position amongst North Eastern and Himalyan states.
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Sunday, July 29, 2018

New GST Rates Kick In Today: List Of Items That May Get Cheaper

New GST Rates Kick In Today: List Of Items That May Get Cheaper

Items of common use such as sanitary napkins, footwear and fridge may get cheaper with

 the GST rate cut on about 88 items coming into effect today

New GST rates announced last week kicked in today. Items of common use such as sanitary napkins, footwear and refrigerators may get cheaper with the GST (Goods and Services Tax) rates cut on about 88 items coming into effect today. Refrigerators, washing machines, small screen TVs, storage water heaters, paints and varnishes will now attract 18 per cent GST. Food grinders, lithium ion batteries, vacuum cleaner and hand dryers will attract 18 per cent GST from today, as against 28 per cent previously.
Experts said that the benefit of GST rate cut must be passed on to the end consumer now.
The government clearly showed an intent to boost the MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector by reducing GST rates. But it is noteworthy that the benefit must be passed to the final consumer. In order to ensure that benefits are passed, anti-profiteering provisions have to be regularly checked and authorities must take actions," said Vishal Raheja, DGM, Taxmann.com.
Here is a complete list of items that will now fall in lower GST bracket:
GST on the following items has been slashed from 28% to 18%:
  • Paints and varnishes (including enamels and lacquers)
  • Glaziers' putty, grafting putty, resin cements
  • Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment including water cooler, milk coolers, refrigerating equipment for leather industry, ice cream freezer etc.
  • Washing machines
  • Lithium-ion batteries
  • Vacuum cleaners
  • Domestic electrical appliances such as food grinders and mixers & food or vegetable juice extractor, shaver, hair clippers etc.
  • Storage water heaters and immersion heaters, hair dryers,  hand dryers, electric smoothing irons etc.
  • Televisions up to the size of 68 cm
  • Special purpose motor vehicles. e.g., crane lorries, fire fighting vehicle, concrete mixer lorries, spraying lorries
  • Works trucks (self-propelled, not fitted with lifting or handling equipment) of the type used in factories, warehouses, dock areas or airports for short transport of goods.
  • Trailers and semi-trailers.
  • Miscellaneous articles such as scent sprays and similar toilet sprays, powder-puffs and pads for the application of cosmetics or toilet preparations
GST on the following items has been slashed from 28% to 12%:
  • Fuel cell vehicle. Further, compensation cess will also be exempted on fuel cell vehicle.
  • Refund of accumulated credit on account of inverted duty structure to fabric manufacturers: Fabrics attract GST at the rate of 5 per cent subject to the condition that refund of accumulated ITC or input tax credit on account of inversion will not be allowed. However, considering the difficulty faced by the fabric sector on account of this condition, the GST Council has recommended for allowing refund to fabrics on account of inverted duty structure. The refund of accumulated ITC shall be allowed only with the prospective effect on the purchases made after the notification is issued.
GST rates cut: The list of items on which GST has been cut to zero from 18%, 12% and 5%:
  • Stone/marble/wood deities
  • Rakhi (other than that of precious or semi-precious material of chapter 71)
  • Sanitary Napkins
  • Coir pith compost
  • Sal Leaves siali leaves and their products and Sabai Rope
  • Phool Bhari Jhadoo (Raw material for Jhadoo)
  • 'Khali dona'
  • Circulation and commemorative coins, sold by Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Ltd [SPMCIL] to Ministry of Finance.

GST has been cut on the following items to 5% from 12%:
  • Chenille fabrics and other fabrics under heading 5801
  • Handloom 'dari'
  • Phosphoric acid (fertilizer grade only)
  • Knitted cap/topi having retail sale value not exceeding Rs. 1000
GST rate on the following items has been to 12% from 18%:
  • Bamboo flooring
  • Brass kerosene pressure stove
  • Hand-operated rubber roller
  • Zip and slide fasteners
GST rate cut to 5% from 18% on the following items:
  • Ethanol for sale to oil marketing companies for blending with fuel
  • Solid bio fuel pellets
GST rate change made in respect of footwear
  • 5% GST is being extended to footwear having a retail sale price up to Rs. 1,000 per pair
  • Footwear having a retail sale price exceeding Rs. 1,000 per pair will continue to attract 18%
     
GST rates have been recommended to be brought down for specified handicraft items [as per the definition of handicraft, as approved by the GST council] from 18% to 12%:
  • Handbags including pouches and purses; jewellery box
  • Wooden frames for painting, photographs, mirrors etc.
  • Art ware of cork (including articles of sholapith)
  • Stone art ware, stone inlay work
  • Ornamental framed mirrors
  • Glass statues (other than those of crystal)
  • Glass art ware (including pots, jars, votive, cask, cake cover, tulip bottle, vase)
  • Art ware of iron
  • Art ware of brass, copper/ copper alloys, electro plated with nickel/silver
  • Aluminium art ware
  • Handcrafted  lamps (including panchloga lamp)
  • Worked vegetable or mineral carving, articles thereof, articles of wax, of stearin, of natural gums or natural resins or of modelling pastes etc., (including articles of lac, shellac)
  • Ganjifa card

GST rate cut from 12% to 5%:
  • Handmade carpets and other handmade textile floor coverings (including namda/gabba)
  • Handmade lace
  • Hand-woven tapestries
  • Hand-made braids and ornamental trimming in the piece
  • Toran
     
Miscellaneous change relating to valuation of a supply:
  • IGST (Integrated Goods & Services Tax) at 5% on Pool Issue Price (PIP) of urea imported on Government account for direct agriculture use, instead of assessable value plus custom duty.
  • Exemption from compensation cess to coal rejects from washery (arising out of cess paid coal on which ITC has not been taken).
     
    image of GST
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Clarifications/amendments as regards applicability of GST rate in respect of certain goods recommended by GST Council which inter-alia includes:
  • Milk enriched with vitamins or minerals salt (fortified milk) is classifiable under HS code 0401 as milk and exempt from GST
  • 5% GST on both treated (modified) tamarind kernel powder and plain (unmodified) tamarind kernel powder
  • Beet and cane sugar, including refined beet and cane sugar, (falling under heading 1701) attracts 5% GST rate
  • Water supplied for public purposes (other than in sealed containers) does not attract GST
  • Marine engine (falling under sub-heading 8408 10 93) attracts 5% GST rate
  • Kota stone and similar stones (other than marble and granite) other than polished will attracts 5% GST, while ready to use polished Kota stone and similar stones will attracts 18%.
  • Certain other miscellaneous clarification as regards classification/rate have been recommended
The above-mentioned GST rates have been taken from a statement issued by the Ministry of Finance. (With PTI inputs)
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Monday, July 23, 2018

Govt cuts minimum yearly deposit for Sukanya Samriddhi account to Rs 250

Govt cuts minimum yearly deposit for Sukanya Samriddhi account to Rs 250

Sukanya Samriddhi scheme was launched in 2015. Till November 2017, more than 1.26 crore accounts were opened across the country securing an amount of Rs 19,183 crore.
sukanya samriddhi yojana image
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The minimum deposit for government-backed small savings scheme for the girl child, Sukanya Samriddhi, has been slashed to Rs. 250 from Rs. 1,000. This means that customers need to make a minimum annual deposit of only Rs. 250 in this account, reported news agency Press Trust of India. The maximum yearly deposit, however, stands unchanged at Rs. 1,50,000. Under the Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, a parent or legal guardian can open the account in the name of the girl child until she attains the age of 10 years.

Here are 10 things you should know aya Samriddhi Scheme:bout Sukanya
  1. "The most recent modifications to the Sukanya Samriddhi Account Rules, 2016 is a welcome step... The change would foster financial inclusion of parents, especially the rural poor who want to secure the future of their daughters but have limited funds. This positive initiative is an important intervention and helps further the government's Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao Campaign," said Rahul Aggarwal, Director, Wealth Discovery.
  2. The interest rate on Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana has been fixed at 8.1 per cent per annum for the September quarter.The interest on Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is calculated on a yearly basis and is compounded annually.
  3. Until November, 2017 more than 1.26 crore accounts have been opened across the country in the name of girl-child securing an amount of Rs.19,183 crore, the then Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had said while presenting the Union Budget.
  4. Sukanya Samriddhi accounts can be opened in any post office branch and designated public sector banks.
  5. The banks that have been authorized to open accounts under the scheme are: State Bank of India (SBI), State Bank of Mysore, State Bank of Hyderabad, State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur, State Bank of Patiala, Vijaya Bank, United Bank of India, Union Bank of India, UCO Bank, Syndicate Bank, Punjab National Bank, Punjab & Sind Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Indian Overseas Bank, Indian Bank, IDBI Bank, ICICI Bank, Dena Bank, Corporation Bank, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank, Bank of Maharashtra, Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Axis Bank, Andhra Bank and Allahabad Bank, according to a government notification.
  6. Tax exemption is one of the greatest advantages of the Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme. The deposits made to the account, and also the proceeds and maturity amount would be fully exempted from tax under section 80C of the Income Tax Act.
  7. Sukanya Samriddhi account is valid for 21 years from the date of opening, after which it will mature and the money will be paid to the girl child in whose name the account had been opened.  If the account is not closed after maturity, the balance amount will continue to earn interest as specified for the scheme from time to time.
  8. Sukanya Samriddhi account will also automatically close if the girl child gets married before the completion of the tenure of 21 years.
  9. Deposits can be made up to 14 years from the date of opening of the account. After this period the account will only earn interest as per applicable rates.
  10. Withdrawing money before the completion of the maturity period of 21 years can only be made by the girl child in whose name the account has been opened after she attains the age of 18 years. This withdrawal will also be limited to 50 per cent of the balance standing at the end of the preceding financial year, and will only be allowed for the purpose of higher education or if the girl intends to get married. In order to make a withdrawal, the account should have a deposit of at least 14 years or more.
    image of sukanya samriddhi yojna
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Saturday, July 21, 2018

Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA) approves projects for Rs

Press Information Bureau
Government of India
Ministry of Human Resource Development
29-November-2017 18:24 IST
Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA) approves projects for Rs. 2,066.73 Cr to six higher education institutions.
For providing additional funds for research and related infrastructure, Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA), has started its operations. The HEFA Board had held its 2nd meeting today and approved projects for Rs. 2,066.73 Cr for six institutions – IITs Bombay, Delhi, Madras, Kharagpur, Kanpur and NIT Suratkal. These funds would be used to improve the research infrastructure in these institutions to further improve their standing at the global level.

The HEFA Board approved projects for Rs. 2,066.73 Cr for six institutions as per the details below:



Number of projects
Project cost
(Rs Cr)
% of total
Projects for Research/academic facilities
16
1028.73
50%
Projects for other supporting infrastructure
11
1038.00
50%
Total
27
2066.73


These institutions can avail of these funds as per the progress of the project and complete them. The funding under HEFA would be in addition to the grants being given to these institutions.

Expressing happiness over the approval of interest-free loans by HEFA Board, Union HRD Minister Shri Prakash Javadekar said that today is a historic day for financing the needs and promotion of research and innovation beyond budgetary allocations. The Union Budget gives ample allocation and grants to Higher Education institutions but still there is a greater need. The vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the resolve of Finance Minister Arun Jaitley has made possible the operationalisation of HEFA to extend funds beyond budgetary allocations.

These funds are in addition to the grants that Government gives to these institutions. As per the scheme, HEFA would mobilise Rs. 20,000 Cr through market borrowing and would release the same to the Government institution as interest- free loans.

HEFA was born out of the vision of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi for providing additional finance for promoting research in the higher educational institutions.  The intent to create HEFA was made in the Budget speech of 2016-17 which stated that, “We have decided to set up a Higher Education Financing Agency (HEFA) with an initial capital base of Rs.1,000 crores. The HEFA will be a not-for-profit organisation that will leverage funds from the market and supplement them with donations and CSR funds. These funds will be used to finance improvement in infrastructure in our top institutions and will be serviced through internal accruals”.  The Union Cabinet has approved setting up HEFA on 12th September 2016.

Modalities of operation of HEFA

The HEFA is a novel method of funding the premier institutions by using the instrument of ‘securitising the future flows’. Under this, each institution agrees to escrow a specific amount from their internally earned resources (not govt grants) to HEFA. This forms basis for a credit line which can be used by the institution for creating the required capital and research assets. The Principal portion is repaid from the escrowed amount and the interest is met by Govt. For the institution, this is an interest-free amount and gives facility to the institution to build the required research infrastructure of world class.  

Operationalising HEFA

The HEFA was registered as a Section – 8 Company under the Companies Act on 31st May 2017. Canara Bank has been identified as the partner for setting up the Company. Government has released Rs. 250 Cr equity and the Canara Bank has given Rs. 50 Cr equity in the HEFA. RBI has granted a license under the RBI Act for HEFA to operate as NBFC on 21stNovember 2017 and to leverage the equity to mobilise money from market as per the requirements of the institutions. 

The Board has been constituted and held its first meeting under the Chairmanship of Secretary Higher Education on 12thJune 2017.

Higher Education Funding Agency (HEFA) approves projects for Rs........

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The GSAT satellites are India's indigenously developed communications satellites